IOT Introduction
IOT stands for Internet of things. IOT is network which connects small devices such as door bell , parking sensor and many more to the internet. This enables easy transfer and control of data between devices. There are certain factors which helped in the growth of IOT
- Availability of low power and cost microcontroller/processor devices.
- Development of low power radio’s
- Availability of development boards having microcontroller/processors with components such as radio’s, sensors which are sold with industry specific application program.
- Growth of big data and cloud computing.
Let us consider a interesting IOT use case of NEST. It is a intelligent thermostat found in Homes and connected to the cloud. 
NEST IOT device [Link]
Here is how the NEST device typically operates:
| IOT architecture | Board Hardware | Board software | Connectivity | Cloud | GUI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardware | Sensor Data | Microcontroller/Processor | Radio | IOT Gateway | Mobile/PC/Server |
| Task1 | |||||
| Monitor Temperature | Read sensor Data from temperature sensor | Transfer data to the cloud using RF protocols to communicate with gateway | Store data | Display data | |
| Send data to the cloud through the radio | Check data across the AI engine to understand the optimal temperature settings to keep. | Generate custom reports | |||
| Display temperature data on the Display. | Check data across the AI engine to understand the optimal temperature settings to keep. | Generate custom reports | |||
| Task2 | |||||
| Temperature control | Change the room temperature of the AC/heater | ||||
| Task3 | |||||
| Shutdown | Generate shutdown alerts. | Send alerts on the GUI. |
Type of IOT Hardware
From the table above we can observe that two type of hardware boards are needed:
- IOT modules/sensorBoards: These boards typically have sensors, low power consuming micro controllers , radio’s , actuators, displays etc. They are typically powered through battery or make be connected to supply outlet. One of the most innovative IOT modules i admire is available at link with a video of its use case
- IOT gateways: A gateway acts as a bridge between the IOT modules/sensor boards and the cloud. Typical gateway boards would need to connect to multiple IOT sensor boards while parsing the information and passing it to the cloud. Security of the data and the gateway is must to prevent misuse. The hardware typically contains:
- Processor core running above 600Mhz core frequency. Having security engines to encrypt the data is a must. Must support the following interfaces
- DDR3/DDr4 Memories
- Ethernet connectivity ports such as RGMII/SGMII
- Radio modules
- Memories for firmware storage.
- Other peripherals as per the use case.
- Processor core running above 600Mhz core frequency. Having security engines to encrypt the data is a must. Must support the following interfaces
Challenges and Questions
To start creating different type of IOT hardware a designer should explore the following:
- Are there any inexpensive starter kits available which contains all the devices and controller that he needs for the IOT sensor/gateway ?
- What is the board power consumption, radio ranges, software stacks available?
- Is the final board form factor the same as required in your application?
- Can i reduce the cost of these starter kits if used in production?
and many more. More the number of questions you ask at the initial stage more it would define the product maturity.
Using the starter kits for testing may or may not work based on his needs being met with these boards. For instance look at the variety of IOT sensors available in the market and a quick survey would show that none of the starter kits can have plugin boards/shields with these sensor parts mounted on it. Production with these starter kits is not recommended due to cost and large form factor even through the hardware churn may be less.
How can circuit tree help?
There are numerous articles which states that designing hardware is hard. Not at Circuit Tree it is very easy for us and it is a couple of minutes job for us.
Typically in a board design cycle a engineer would iterate through the long human controlled steps to generate designs in months. At circuit tree we do things differently wherein a AI engine designs the hardware for you based on your bespoke requirements.
We have thousands of low power micro controllers, processors along with peripherals all in the perfect mix to help you generate a quick IOT hardware of any type.
Some of the sensor components and radio components in circuit tree library are listed below:
| Device name | manufacturer | Type |
|---|---|---|
| lis2hh12 | ST Microelectronics | accelerometer |
| mma8451q | NXP semiconductor | accelerometer |
| mpu9250 | TDK InvenSense | accelerometer |
| adt7461 | Analog Devices | temperature |
| hdc1080 | Texas Instruments | humidity+temperature |
| l3g4200d | ST microelectronics | gryoscope+temperature |
| mpl3115a2 | NXP semiconductor | pressure+temperature |
| si7006 | Silicon Labs | humidity+temperature |
| si7034 | Silicon Labs | humidity+temperature |
| si7051 | Silicon Labs | temperature |
| tmp75b | NXP semiconductor | temperature |
| bmc150 | Bosch Sensortec | compass |
| mag3110 | NXP semiconductor | compass |
| bmc280 | Bosch Sensortec | pressure |
| bmc250 | Bosch Sensortec | gryoscope |
| tmd27711 | AMS | ambient_light |
| m41t65 | ST Microelectronics | rtc |
| pcf85063tp | NXP semiconductor | rtc |
| tsc2046 | Texas Instruments | touch_controller |
| a2200 | Maestro Wireless Solutions | GPS |
| M10382 | Antenova | GPS |
| Circuit Tree identifier | Ordering Part number | Manufacturer | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| cc3200 | CC3200MODR1M2AMOBT | Texas Instrument | wifi module |
| esp8266 | ESP8266-12E | Ai Thinker | wifi module |
| sn8000 | 88-00153-02 | Murata | wifi module |
| mbh7blz02 | MBH7BLZ02-109004 | Fujitsu | Bluetooth |
| mr110ca | ATBTLC1000-MR110CA | Atmel/Microchip | Bluetooth |
| spbtle_rf | SPBTLE-RF | ST Microelectronics | Bluetooth |
| pn7120_module | OM5577 | NXP semiconductor | NFC |
| a2500r24a | A2500R24A00GM | Anaren | 2.4 Ghz radio |
| rfm75 | RFM75-S | HopeRF | 2.4 Ghz radio |
| etrx3587 | ETRX3587 | Telegesis | Zigbee |
| xbee_s2c | XB24CZ7UIS-004 | Digi International | Zigbee |
In the world of endless possibilities and number of hardware combinations circuit tree makes hardware development easy.
IOT Hardware
Using the circuit tree requirements editor a IOT sensor/gateway board can be easily created.
To get started on your hardware idea design implementation head to the app. If you have come across innovative implementation of IOT hardware or need any custom development write to us at info@circuit-tree.com.